By Edwin Gutierrez-Rodriguez and Bosques Jonael
Efficient water use in citrus production, like other fruit tree crops, goes far beyond simply turning on the irrigation system. It’s a strategic practice that affects tree health, fruit quality and long-term sustainability, making it a smart agricultural practice. Some key tips to optimize your water management are:
- Know Your Trees: Younger trees tend to require more frequent but lighter irrigation, depending on the soil. Mature trees benefit from deeper, less frequent watering. Adjust your schedule accordingly.
- Sprinkler Head Positioning: Ensure micro-sprinklers are placed correctly. The ideal location is at the drip line of the canopy. Misplaced heads can lead to water waste and uneven root development.
- Irrigation Timing: Early morning irrigation reduces evaporation and allows trees to absorb water before peak heat. Be sure to consider local laws on irrigation timing. Avoid watering in the late afternoon or evening to prevent disease, as this may increase relative humidity and cause prolonged leaf wetness.
- System Cleanliness: Regularly flush irrigation lines and check filters to prevent clogging. Algae, sediment and insects may reduce efficiency and damage the system.
- Monitor and Adjust: When possible, incorporate monitors, like moisture sensors or tensiometers, to track water availability. Adjust irrigation based on rainfall, evapotranspiration rates and the specific needs of each tree.
- UF/IFAS Tools: Take advantage of apps like Smart Irrigation Citrus (Citrus App | SmartIrrigationApps.org) to estimate irrigation needs, based on weather and tree age.
- Water Quality: Test your water source for pH, salinity and contaminants. Poor water quality affects nutrient uptake, tree health and soil properties.
Remember, water is also a signal, a nutrient pathway and its role is key in plant defense. Contact your local Extension agent for water management assistance.
Edwin Gutierrez-Rodriguezis a University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) multicounty citrus Extension agent. Bosques Jonael is a UF/IFAS Extension agriculture agent and county Extension director for Hardee County.
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