By Ramdas Kanissery
Spot application of post-emergent herbicides provides an effective solution for controlling weeds that are missed by standard maintenance herbicide programs in citrus groves (Figure 1, left). This method is also helpful for targeting weeds in areas that herbicide boom sprayers can’t reach, like those growing near the trees (Figure 1, right). Here are some key tips to improve the success of spot spraying in citrus groves:
HIT YOUR TARGET
Accurate targeting is key. Ensure the herbicide spray lands directly on the weeds without affecting the trees. To achieve this, use a nozzle that produces larger droplets to minimize spray drift. Consider using a low application volume of herbicide — enough to cover the weeds but not so much that it drifts into unintended areas. Always calibrate the sprayer used for spot application to make sure it delivers the right amount of herbicide. When spraying near newly planted trees, be extra cautious. A shielded sprayer can help protect the young trees from spray damage.
USE THE RIGHT RATE
It is often easier for applicators to mix a spot-spray solution based on a specific percentage of herbicide per volume of water. To achieve effective weed control, determine the appropriate concentration of herbicide to water (% volume/volume) for spot spraying. Always check the product label for the recommended application rates to achieve the best results.
CHECK YOUR WORK
For stubborn weeds, follow-up spot treatments may be required, following the product label instructions. Adding a dye to the herbicide solution helps track where it is already applied, minimizing the risk of missing areas and ensuring more consistent weed control. The dye also helps plan any needed follow-up applications.
WATCH THE WEATHER
For effective spot spraying, choose calm weather with minimal wind to avoid herbicide drift into unintended areas. Avoid spraying during or just before rain, as the herbicide can be washed away and lose its effectiveness.
PROTECT YOURSELF
When using a handheld sprayer for spot spraying, make sure to wear the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) listed on the herbicide label. This includes gloves, long sleeves, pants and eye protection to ensure the safety of the applicator.
Ramdas Kanissery is an associate professor at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee.
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