By Ramdas Kanissery
Spring is here and so are the weeds in citrus groves. Warmer temperatures and increasing soil moisture create ideal conditions for weeds. Growers often notice a rapid spring flush of weeds emerging in the tree rows and in the row middles during this time (Figure 1).
If not managed early, these weeds can compete with citrus trees for water and nutrients and can also interfere with grove operations. Following slow growth during the cooler months, weeds such as Spanish needles, grasses and sedges (especially nutsedge) can quickly take off as temperatures rise in Florida citrus groves.
ACT EARLY
As temperatures begin to warm, regularly check groves for newly emerging weeds. In Florida’s sandy soil, weed seedlings can appear quickly after rainfall or irrigation. Controlling weeds at the seedling stage is much easier than trying to manage mature plants later.
Pre-emergent herbicides are an important tool for preventing new weeds from emerging. In Florida citrus, these products work best when applied to relatively clean soil and activated with rainfall or irrigation. Applying them ahead of the main spring flush can help reduce the number of post-emergent applications needed later in the season.
Even with a solid pre-emergence program, some weeds will escape. Target weeds when they are small and actively growing. Early applications improve herbicide performance and help avoid situations where large weeds require repeated treatments.
MANAGE MIDDLES TO REDUCE REINFESTATION
Spring flush can result in the row-middle vegetation producing large numbers of seeds that later move into the tree row. Regular mowing helps suppress growth and reduce seed production. Growers may also use chemical mowing by applying low rates of systemic herbicides such as glyphosate to slow vegetation growth. This practice can reduce the need for frequent mowing while keeping vegetation at a manageable level.
TAKE EXTRA CARE WITH NEW PLANTINGS
Newly planted citrus trees require special attention during the spring weed flush. Young trees have limited root systems and are especially sensitive to competition for water and nutrients. Maintaining a clean, weed-free strip around the base of young trees helps them establish and grow more vigorously.
When applying herbicides, use directed sprays or shielded sprayers to avoid contact with green bark. Trunk guards can provide additional protection. Good weed control during the early establishment period can make a noticeable difference in the growth and health of new plantings.
Taking a proactive approach to spring weed management helps citrus trees access the water and nutrients they need during a critical growth period. Staying ahead of weeds now can save time, reduce herbicide use later and support healthier grove conditions throughout the season.
Ramdas Kanissery is an associate professor at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee.
Share this Post