Alternatives to Rootstock Propagation by Seed: Differences, Concerns and Expectations

Tacy CalliesResearch

By Ute Albrecht Commercial citrus rootstock propagation traditionally occurs via use of nucellar apomictic seed, which generates genetically identical seedlings that are used as liners for budding. With the high demand for superior rootstocks in the age of HLB, commercial nurseries are currently experiencing a shortage of seeds for some of the most popular rootstock varieties. In addition, for many …

rootstocks

Some Rootstocks Succumbed to Irma

Ernie Neffhurricane, Rootstocks

Researchers inspecting their groves at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center after Hurricane Irma found that trees on certain rootstocks were very likely to be uprooted. Fernando Alferez, a horticulturist at the Immokalee center, discusses the uprooted trees and hopes he has for fresh citrus growing. “This is anecdotal evidence from our experience here,” Alferez says. “What we saw …

Rootstocks and HLB Tolerance — Another Perspective

Tacy CalliesHLB Management, Rootstocks

By Ute Albrecht Tolerance to a disease is generally defined as the ability to be productive in the presence of disease-causing organisms. This is contrary to resistance, which is defined as the ability to completely evade a pathogen due to specific resistance mechanisms. The question as to what defines an HLB-“tolerant” rootstock was posed in an article by Bill Castle, …

Time to Get Serious About Trialing New Scion/Rootstock Combinations

Tacy CalliesRootstocks, Scions

By Jude W. Grosser and Frederick G. Gmitter It’s no secret that citrus greening disease, or HLB, continues to take a heavy toll on the beloved Florida citrus industry. It has been estimated that the industry will need to replant over 3 million trees per year for the next 10 years just to get back to normal. So the million-dollar …

Citrus Expo

Field Trials of Rootstocks and Scions: What Can They Tell Us?

Tacy CalliesNews from our Sponsor, Rootstocks, Scions

By Harold Browning Column sponsored by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation Plant breeding programs have been a mainstay of citrus production worldwide. They have served as a basis for gradual improvement in fruit quality, adaptability to varying growing environments, and most importantly, to disease management. For that reason, new germplasm has been a front line of pursuit in the …

HLB and ‘Tolerance’ as a Practical Matter in Choosing Rootstocks

Tacy CalliesRootstocks

By Bill Castle (Editor’s note: Click on the graphs throughout the article to enlarge them.) By classic biological definition, a particular citrus rootstock-scion combination when infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) would be considered tolerant if infected trees had no more than slight reductions in performance, sometimes accompanied by a reduced level of the pathogen. That definition implies that the …

Improved Rootstock Selection Tool

Josh McGillCitrus, Citrus Greening

Florida Citrus Rootstock Selection Guide: New Custom Query Option The third edition of the Florida Citrus Rootstock Selection Guide was recently released online at flrootstockselectionguide.org and has now been expanded to include an expert system to aid growers in rootstock selection. The expert system was developed as a collaborative effort of Steve Rogers, Bill Castle, Steve Futch and Andrew Persaud. …

Florida

Florida Citrus Show: A Day of Education and Enjoyment

Daniel CooperEvents, Florida Citrus Show

The Florida Citrus Show marked another successful event in March in Fort Pierce. The show provided attendees with a fun, informative day to learn about citrus and specialty crops while engaging with exhibitors during the tailgate-style trade show. CRAFT UPDATE Citrus Research and Field Trial (CRAFT) programs have been very popular with growers and have incentivized new citrus plantings across …

education

Citrus & Specialty Crop Expo: Education and Connection

Daniel CooperCitrus Expo

Citrus and specialty crop growers will have a great opportunity this summer to gather, learn and connect at the Citrus & Specialty Crop Expo. The event is set for Aug. 12–13 at the Caloosa Sound Convention Center in Fort Myers. The annual Expo brings together citrus and specialty crop producers for two days focused on practical education and valuable industry …

Gmitter and Grosser

Gmitter and Grosser Receive Rare Award

Daniel CooperAwards

University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) citrus breeders and geneticists Fred Gmitter and Jude Grosser recently received the rare Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) Resident Professorship Award. The award has only been bestowed four other times in CREC’s 109-year history. The award recognizes careers that have brought distinction to the CREC through outstanding programs, important …

mandarin

Complex Responses to IPCs in Mandarin Trees

Daniel CooperHLB Management, IPCs, Mandarins

Recent research showed that individual protective covers (IPCs) proved highly effective in reducing Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) populations and thereby preventing HLB infection in three mandarin cultivars. However, overall tree response varied. The research was published in the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. The authors are Saoussen Ben-Abdallah, Susmita Gaire, Ute Albrecht, Ozgur Batuman, Jawwad Qureshi and …

April

Sneak Peek: April 2026 Citrus Industry

Daniel CooperEvents, Sneak Peek, Varieties

The Citrus Industry section of the April 2026 issue of Specialty Crop Grower highlights ongoing efforts to strengthen Florida’s citrus sector amid challenges. Articles this month showcase education, nutrient management and variety development. A recap of the Florida Citrus Show details a successful March event in Fort Pierce that combined education with a lively tailgate-style trade show. Growers Daniel Hunt, …

Florida Citrus

Florida Citrus Grower Cautiously Optimistic

Daniel CooperEvents, Florida Citrus Show

It can be challenging to be a Florida citrus grower and find optimism in today’s economic and production climates. After more than 20 years of dealing with citrus greening disease, it is understandable for growers to be downtrodden. But one grower sees some positivity. Daniel Hunt, with Hunt Bros. in Lake Wales, was cautiously optimistic when discussing the future of …

postfreeze

Postfreeze Citrus Recovery Strategies

Daniel Cooperfreeze, Tip of the Week

By Muhammad A. Shahid, KeAndre Leaks, Davie Kadyampakeni and Carlos Aucique-Perez Postfreeze citrus tree management requires patience and careful observation rather than immediate intervention. Damage to the vascular system (cambium, xylem and phloem) may take months to fully appear. Trees can initially flush in spring but later decline if internal tissues are too compromised. A reliable assessment of survival should …

citrus podcast

All In For Citrus Podcast, March 2026

Daniel CooperAll In For Citrus Podcast, Events

The March All In For Citrus podcast previews a couple of events coming in April and May that growers will want to mark on their calendars. Michael Rogers, director of the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), discusses the Florida Citrus Growers’ Institute scheduled for April 14 at South Florida …

varieties

CITRUS NURSERY SOURCE: Important Details About Newly Available Citrus Varieties

Daniel CooperCitrus Nursery Source, Varieties

By Peter Chaires There are presently two groups of University of Florida (UF) citrus varieties, licensed to Florida citrus nurseries via New Varieties Development & Management Corp. (NVDMC), the licensing designee of the Florida Department of Citrus. These include: GROUP ONE Get more details on group one in the February 2025 Citrus Nursery Source article. GROUP TWO Find more information …

trees

CUPS Trees Survive Freeze Nearly Unscathed

Daniel CooperCUPS, Events, freeze

During a Feb. 26 Highlands County ag tour hosted by University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, participants had the opportunity to go inside a citrus under protective screen (CUPS) pod. Bill Bohde, director of agronomy for Dundee Citrus Growers Association, led the tour group through a 10-acre CUPS pod at Fort Meade in neighboring Polk County. …

March

Sneak Peek: March 2026 Citrus Industry

Daniel CooperSneak Peek

Citrus and other specialty crops suffered large losses from the late January/early February freeze that walloped Florida. Get the details in the cover story of the March issue of Specialty Crop Grower magazine. The article provides the early estimates of damage by crop according to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. It also discusses efforts to secure financial …

survey

Citrus State of the Industry Survey, Part 2: Planting Intentions

Daniel CooperSurvey

The 2025–26 State of the Citrus Industry Survey asked growers if they are planting and what their variety and rootstock selections are. It also surveyed growers on their sentiments about the future of citrus in Florida. Following are some highlights from the survey which was conducted in the fall of 2025. (See Part 1 of survey results here). Growers’ preference …

Florida Citrus Show

Earn Continuing Education Units at the Florida Citrus Show

Daniel CooperEvents, FCS24, Florida Citrus Show

The Florida Citrus Show is only two weeks away, scheduled for March 12. The event will be held at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Indian River Research and Education Center and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory in Fort Pierce. The educational seminars have much to offer for both citrus …